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The calculation to convert from days to seconds is fairly trivial. It may also be useful to turn the code for the calculations into functions and put them in your central library as discussed in 2. You then would need only to source this library into your current environment and call the function whenever needed.

Please read the excellent article, The Do s and Don ts of Space and Undo Management: Best Practices for Oracle Database 10g, by Sujatha Muthulingam and Mughees A. Minhas (http://www.oracle.com/technology/ products/manageability/database/pdf/ow04/1241_minhas.pdf), which explains Oracle s undo management in great depth.

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Under AUM, the Oracle database collects undo data and stores it in the undo segments Traditionally, Oracle has used data in the undo segments to provide read consistency for queries, to roll back transactions, and to recover terminated transactions Starting with Oracle9i, undo data has been used for even farther-reaching purposes to query past data and recover from logical errors in the data In Oracle Database 10g, undo data also supports the new Flashback features at the row and table levels The UNDO_RETENTION initialization parameter enables you to specify the length of time undo information must be saved in the undo segments Oracle Database 10g automatically tunes undo information by collecting statistics on the longest-running queries and the undo generation rate in your database.

If you don t set the UNDO_RETENTION parameter or specify a zero value for the parameter, Oracle automatically tunes undo, using 900 seconds as the default value for the UNDO_RETENTION parameter By setting a higher value than the default of 900 seconds, you can keep undo records longer and go back further in the past Since several Flashback features in Oracle Database 10g rely on undo data, you should set the UNDO_RETENTION parameter much higher than the default value (In addition to enabling more effective Flashback features, this will reduce the probability of snapshottoo-old errors) Guaranteed undo retention simply means that Oracle will retain undo data for the entire length of the undo retention period you specify, no matter what That is, if you specify half an hour as the undo retention interval, Oracle will retain the undo data for the full 30 minutes, under all circumstances.

If you run out of room for recording the undo information generated by new transactions, any new DML transactions will fail, since Oracle won t be able to store the undo information for those changes Thus, there is a trade-off between guaranteeing undo information and the potential failure of some DML statements..

There are two other ways to calculate the number of seconds since the epoch. Both of them are much simpler than the preceding script, but they require system utilities that you may not have installed, such as Perl and the latest GNU utilities. Most administrators would probably install whatever is needed to get the job done, but there are controlled production environments where it s not that simple sometimes many requirements must be met and testing must be performed before any changes are made to a system. In those cases, it is simpler to come up with a solution that utilizes existing resources as opposed to installing more-advanced tools. The first alternative uses the GNU version of the date command. If you have this version, you can produce output that is almost identical to that of the script discussed in the section Days Since Epoch except that, because the number of seconds since epoch in that script is calculated based on GMT, it may be out of sync with your local time zone. If so, you may want to add the appropriate number of seconds for your local time zone. (This may not be necessary if you re using the values to simply calculate the difference between two arbitrary dates/times in which the local time zone information is irrelevant.)The following date command is much simpler than deriving the calculations manually. This returns the number of seconds since epoch directly.